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Understanding Shoulder Pain: Causes and Treatment Options

Shoulder pain is a common orthopaedic complaint that affects millions of people worldwide. The shoulder is a complex joint with a wide range of motion, making it susceptible to various injuries and conditions. In this blog article, we will explore the causes of shoulder pain and discuss some effective treatment options.

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Causes of Shoulder Pain

There many different conditions that can present with shoulder pain.

Rotator Cuff Injuries

The rotator cuff consists of a group of muscles and tendons that surround the shoulder joint, providing stability and facilitating movement. Overuse, repetitive motions, trauma, or aging can lead to rotator cuff tears or strains, causing pain, weakness, and limited range of motion.

Cuff tendonitis - Impingement syndrome

This occurs when the rotator cuff tendons become irritated or inflamed, often due to repetitive overhead activities. Shoulder impingement causes pain when raising the arm and can result in bursitis or tendonitis.

Frozen shoulder

Frozen shoulder is characterized by stiffness and pain in the shoulder joint. The exact cause is unknown, but it often develops after an injury or prolonged immobilization. People with diabetes or thyroid disorders are more prone to developing frozen shoulder.

Shoulder arthritis

Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis can affect the shoulder joint, leading to chronic pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. Arthritis typically worsens over time and may require a combination of non-surgical and surgical interventions.

Shoulder instability

Shoulder instability occurs when the joint's structures, including ligaments and tendons, are unable to keep the humeral head (upper arm bone) securely within the shoulder socket. This can result in recurrent dislocations, causing pain and instability.

Calcific Tendonitis

Calcific tendonitis is caused by calcium deposits in the rotator cuff tendons, especially the supraspinatus. Exact cause remains unknown. It can cause intense pain, especially at night.

Shoulder fractures

Shoulder fractures may include proximal humerus fractures, clavicle fractures, scapula fractures, ACJ separations, etc.

Shoulder pain - Diagnosis

The doctor will begin the diagnostic approach with history taking and physical examination. The doctor will assess the range of motion and perform specific clinical tests for any possible condition. He will then perform an ultrasound of the area and order some further imaging tests depending on the possible underlying disease, such as X-rays and MRIs.

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Shoulder pain - Treatment

Treatment options for shoulder pain may include:

1. Rest and Activity Modification: In many cases, shoulder pain can be managed with rest, avoiding activities that exacerbate the pain or strain the shoulder. Modifying your daily activities and using proper ergonomics can help alleviate symptoms and promote healing.

2. Physical Therapy: A tailored physical therapy program can help strengthen the muscles surrounding the shoulder joint, improve range of motion, and alleviate pain. Physical therapists use various techniques, including exercises, stretches, and manual therapy, to promote healing and restore function.

3. Medications: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen or naproxen can help reduce pain and inflammation in the shoulder joint. However, it's important to consult a healthcare professional before using any medication.

4. Corticosteroid Injections: In some cases, corticosteroid injections may be recommended to reduce inflammation and provide temporary pain relief. These injections are usually combined with other conservative treatments like physical therapy.

5. Surgical Intervention: If conservative treatments fail to alleviate shoulder pain or if the condition is severe, surgery may be necessary. Surgical options include arthroscopy, rotator cuff repair, shoulder replacement, or stabilization procedures, depending on the underlying cause of the pain.

Shoulder pain - prevention

Preventing shoulder pain involves maintaining good posture, practicing proper lifting techniques, and avoiding repetitive overhead activities. Regular exercise to strengthen the shoulder muscles and maintaining a healthy weight can also help reduce the risk of shoulder injuries.

Shoulder pain can significantly impact daily activities and quality of life. It is important to seek medical attention if shoulder pain persists or worsens despite conservative measures. An orthopaedic specialist can provide an accurate diagnosis and develop an appropriate treatment plan to address the underlying cause of the pain. 

Remember, each case of shoulder pain is unique, and treatment options may vary. Consulting with a healthcare professional is crucial for an individualized approach to managing shoulder pain effectively.

Underestimating the problem may lead to unnecessary delays, or lead to chronic issues that can become more difficult to eradicate. Please contact us to receive timely & personalised treatment for your pain.

FAQs - Frequently Asked Questions

What are the causes of shoulder pain?

– Impingement syndrome & Rotator cuff tears
– Dislocation/Instability
– Calcific tendonitis
– Fractures
– Arthritis
– Frozen shoulder

When should I see a doctor?

– Acute injury with severe pain
– Pain not mitigated by painkillers
– Night pain that disturbs sleep
– Pain that disrupts activities of daily living

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Knee pop – what does it mean?

The knee is a complex and strong joint. An audible crack or pop in the knee is not always harmful. An air bubble within the knee joint can form from time to time. Eventually, this bubble pops, which is painless, harmless, and is just like cracking your knuckles. However, a knee pop in conjunction with a traumatic event, may indicate a ligament, cartilage or meniscal tear.

Understanding the Knee Pop 

A “Knee Pop” is a term commonly used to describe a sensation that occurs in the knee joint during movement. The sensation is often described as a popping or clicking sound and can occur during various activities, such as walking, running, or climbing stairs. While it is not always a cause for concern, it can sometimes indicate an underlying problem with the knee joint.

Causes of a “Knee Pop”

There are several potential causes of “Knee Pop”. Some common causes include:

1. Meniscal Tears: The meniscus is a C-shaped piece of cartilage that acts as a cushion between the thigh bone and the shin bone. Tears in the meniscus can cause a popping or clicking sensation in the knee joint.

2. Ligament Injuries: Ligaments are tough bands of tissue that connect bones to each other. Injuries to the ligaments in the knee, such as the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), can cause a popping or clicking sensation.

3. Arthritis: Arthritis is a condition that causes inflammation and damage to the joints. It can cause a popping or clicking sensation in the knee joint, particularly during movement.

4. Patellar Tracking Disorder: The patella, or kneecap, is a small bone that sits in front of the knee joint. In some cases, the patella can become misaligned and cause a popping or clicking sensation.

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Treatment Options for a Knee Pop

The treatment for a “Knee Pop” will depend on the underlying cause of the sensation. Some treatment options include:

1. Rest and Ice: Resting the knee and applying ice can help reduce inflammation and alleviate pain.

2. Physical Therapy: Physical therapy can help strengthen the muscles around the knee joint, improving stability and reducing the risk of further injury.

3. Medications: Over-the-counter pain medications, such as ibuprofen, can help reduce pain and inflammation.

4. Surgery: In some cases, surgery may be necessary to repair damage to the knee joint. The most common procedure is knee arthroscopy.

Basket injuries 4

Prevention Tips

There are several steps you can take to help prevent a “Knee Pop”. Some tips include:

1. Warming Up : Before engaging in physical activity, it is important to warm up properly. This can help prepare your muscles and joints for the activity ahead.

2. Using Proper Form: Using proper form during physical activity can help reduce the risk of injury and strain on the knee joint.

3. Wearing Supportive Footwear : Wearing supportive footwear can help absorb shock and reduce stress on the knee joint.

4. Maintaining a Healthy Weight : Maintaining a healthy weight can help reduce the risk of developing knee problems, as excess weight can put additional stress on the knee joint.

Conclusion

In summary, “Knee Pop” can be a concerning symptom, particularly if it is accompanied by pain or swelling. While it can sometimes be harmless, it can also indicate an underlying problem with the knee joint. If you are experiencing a “Knee Pop”, it is important to speak with a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment. By following the prevention tips mentioned above, you can help reduce your risk of developing knee problems and keep your joints healthy and pain-free.

FAQs - Frequently Asked Questions

Is a knee pop normal?

An audible crack or pop in the knee is not always harmful. An air bubble within the knee joint can form from time to time. Eventually, this bubble pops, which is painless, harmless, and is just like cracking your knuckles. However, a knee pop in conjunction with a traumatic event, may indicate a ligament, cartilage or meniscal tear.

What is the associated pathology?

– Meniscal tears
– ACL tears
– Kneecap instability problems
– Osteoarthritis

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Orthopaedic Problems Caused by Household Chores: Classification and Prevention

Household chores are a necessary part of daily life, but they can also take a toll on your body. Performing repetitive motions, lifting heavy objects, and awkward postures can cause orthopaedic problems over time. In this article, we will classify the orthopaedic problems caused by household chores by activity type and provide tips for prevention. Household chores are an essential part of maintaining a clean and organized home, but they can also lead to orthopaedic problems if not done properly. Certain activities, such as washing, cleaning, and hoovering, can put a strain on your muscles and joints, leading to pain and discomfort.

Problems Caused by Washing

Washing clothes, dishes, and other items can lead to the following orthopaedic problems:

Shoulder Pain: Reaching up to hang clothes or dishes can put a strain on your shoulder muscles and cause pain over time.

Elbow Pain: Repeatedly bending and straightening your elbow when washing dishes or clothes can lead to elbow pain.

Wrist pain: Gripping and twisting objects, such as wringing out clothes or scrubbing dishes, can cause wrist pain.

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Problems Caused by Cleaning

Cleaning the house can lead to the following orthopaedic problems:

Back pain: Bending over to sweep, mop, or vacuum can put a strain on your lower back muscles and cause pain.

Knee Pain: Kneeling down to clean floors or scrub surfaces can lead to knee pain over time.

Neck pain: Looking up to clean high surfaces or down to clean low surfaces can cause strain on your neck muscles and lead to pain.

Problems Caused by Hoovering

Hoovering the house can lead to the following orthopaedic problems:

Back pain: Pushing and pulling a heavy hoover can put a strain on your back muscles and cause pain.

Shoulder Pain: Repeatedly lifting and moving the hoover can lead to shoulder pain over time.

Wrist pain: Gripping and pushing the hoover can cause wrist pain.

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Prevention of Orthopaedic Problems Caused by Household Chores

Here are some tips to help prevent orthopaedic problems when doing household chores:

Use Proper Lifting Technique: When lifting heavy objects, such as a basket of laundry or a hoover, use proper lifting technique to avoid strain on your back.

Take Breaks: Take breaks when performing repetitive motions to avoid muscle fatigue and injury.

Use Supportive Equipment: Use supportive equipment, such as knee pads or a back brace, to reduce the strain on your body.

Maintain Good Posture: Maintain good posture when performing household chores to avoid strain on your back, neck, and shoulders.

Stretch Before and After: Stretch your muscles before and after performing household chores to warm them up and prevent injury.

Conclusion

Performing household chores is a necessary part of daily life, but it can also cause orthopaedic problems if not done properly. By being aware of the orthopaedic problems caused by washing, cleaning, and hoovering and taking the proper precautions, you can prevent injury and maintain a healthy body.

Frequently Asked Questions

How can I avoid shoulder issues while washing clothes or dishes?

You can avoid shoulder pain by using a step stool to reach high surfaces and taking breaks to stretch your shoulders.

How can I avoid back pain while hoovering?

You can prevent back pain by using a lightweight hoover and maintaining good posture when pushing and pulling it.

How can I avoid knee while moping the floor?

You can reduce knee pain by using knee pads or a kneeling pad and taking short breaks between tasks.

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Orthopaedic Problems in New Parents: Causes, Symptoms, and Prevention

Parenthood brings joy and happiness, but it also brings some physical challenges, especially for new parents. The care and nurturing of a newborn can put a significant strain on a parent's body, resulting in orthopedic problems. In this article, we will discuss the common orthopedic problems that new parents experience, their symptoms, causes, and prevention.

Parenting requires physical strength, endurance, and flexibility. New parents are more susceptible to orthopedic problems as they need to carry their newborns frequently. Furthermore, they may be sleep-deprived and stressed, which can lead to poor posture and muscle strain.

Common Orthopaedic Problems in New Parents

Back pain

Back pain is one of the most common orthopedic problems in new parents. It can occur due to poor posture while carrying the baby, lifting and bending, or breastfeeding. Back pain can be acute or chronic and can affect the lower or upper back.

Shoulder Pain

New parents often experience shoulder pain due to carrying the baby on one side, especially when breastfeeding. This can cause pain and stiffness in the shoulders, neck, and upper back.

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome is a condition that occurs due to the compression of the median nerve in the wrist. New parents are at risk of developing Carpal Tunnel Syndrome due to repetitive wrist movements while holding the baby or performing tasks such as changing diapers.

De Quervain's tenosynovitis

De Quervain's Tenosynovitis is a painful condition that affects the tendons on the thumb side of the wrist. New parents can develop this condition due to repetitive hand and wrist movements while holding the baby or performing tasks such as lifting the car seat.

Tennis Elbow

Tennis elbow is a condition that causes pain and inflammation in the outer part of the elbow. New parents can develop tennis elbow due to repetitive lifting and carrying of the baby or other heavy objects.

Hip pain

Hip pain is a common orthopedic problem in new mothers. It can occur due to the hormone relaxin, which loosens the ligaments and joints in preparation for childbirth. This can lead to instability and pain in the hips.

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Νέοι γονείς & ορθοπαιδικά προβλήματα 3

Causes of Orthopaedic Problems in New Parents

Orthopaedic problems in new parents can occur due to several reasons. Some of the common causes include:

• Poor posture

• Lifting and carrying the baby incorrectly

• Repetitive movements while performing baby care tasks

• Lack of exercise

• Lack of sleep and rest

Symptoms of Orthopaedic Problems in New Parents

The symptoms of orthopedic problems in new parents vary depending on the condition. However, some of the common symptoms include:

• Pain in the back, shoulders, hips, and wrists

• Stiffness in the neck, shoulders, and upper back

• Numbness and tingling in the hands and fingers

• Weakness in the arms and hands

• Difficulty in performing daily activities

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Νέοι γονείς & ορθοπαιδικά προβλήματα 2

Prevention of Orthopaedic Problems in New Parents

New parents can take several steps to prevent orthopedic problems. Some of the preventive measures include:

• Maintaining proper posture while carrying the baby

• Using a baby carrier or sling to distribute the weight evenly

• Avoiding repetitive hand and wrist movements

• Taking breaks and resting between tasks

• Incorporating low-impact exercises such as yoga and stretching

Conclusion

Orthopedic problems are common in new parents due to the physical demands of caring for a newborn. The most common orthopedic problems include back pain, shoulder pain, carpal tunnel syndrome, De Quervain’s, tennis elbow and hip pain. Simple modifications in everyday activities and the use of proper technique and equipment can help mitigate most of these issues. However, in case of persistent symptoms, it is important to seek advice by an experienced orthopaedic surgeon.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why do new parents get orthopaedic problems?

New parents are more susceptible to orthopedic problems as they need to carry their newborns frequently. Furthermore, they may be sleep-deprived and stressed, which can lead to poor posture and muscle strain.

What are the most common ones?

– De Quervain's tenosynovitis
– Carpal tunnel syndrome
– Tennis elbow

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Ποδόσφαιρο & τραυματισμοί 1

Football Injuries

Soccer is one of the most popular sports in the world, with millions of people playing and watching the game every day. However, like any sport, soccer carries the risk of injury. In this article, we will discuss some of the most common soccer injuries and how orthopedic surgeons can help treat them.

Football & ankle injuries

Ankle injuries are some of the most common injuries in soccer. They can occur when players land awkwardly after jumping, twist their ankle while changing direction, or suffer a collision with another player. Ankle sprains and fractures are the most common types of ankle injuries in soccer players.

Orthopedic surgeons can diagnose and treat ankle injuries through physical exams, imaging tests such as X-rays and MRI scans, and other tests. Treatment for ankle injuries may include rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE), immobilization with a brace or cast, and physical therapy to help restore strength and range of motion.

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γόνατο

Knee injuries are also common in soccer, especially in female players. The repetitive motions and quick changes of direction can cause knee injuries such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears, meniscal tears, and patellar tendinitis.

Orthopedic surgeons can diagnose and treat knee injuries using similar methods to those used for ankle injuries. Treatment may include RICE, immobilization with a brace or cast, physical therapy, and surgery in severe cases.

Concussion

Concussions are a type of traumatic brain injury that can occur when a player's head collides with another player or object. Symptoms of a concussion may include headache, dizziness, confusion, and sensitivity to light or noise.

Orthopedic surgeons can help diagnose and manage concussions in soccer players. Treatment may include rest, avoiding physical activity, and cognitive and physical therapy.

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προσαγωγοί

Οι τραυματισμοί στη βουβωνική χώρα (προσαγωγοί) είναι συνηθισμένοι στους ποδοσφαιριστές και μπορεί να συμβούν όταν οι παίκτες κάνουν ξαφνικές κινήσεις ή κλωτσούν την μπάλα. Τα συμπτώματα μπορεί να περιλαμβάνουν πόνο, πρήξιμο και δυσκολία στην κίνηση του προσβεβλημένου ποδιού. Η θεραπεία μπορεί να περιλαμβάνει ξεκούραση, παγοθεραπεία, φυσικοθεραπεία και χειρουργική επέμβαση σε σοβαρές περιπτώσεις. Η θλάση προσαγωγών είναι μία από τις πιο συχνές αθλητικές κακώσεις.

οπίσθιοι μηριαίοι

Hamstring injuries can occur when players overuse their muscles or make sudden movements. Symptoms may include pain, swelling, and difficulty moving the affected leg. Treatment may include RICE, physical therapy, and surgery in severe cases.

Συμπερασματικά, οι τραυματισμοί στο ποδόσφαιρο μπορεί να κυμαίνονται από ελαφρούς έως σοβαρούς και απαιτούν την κατάλληλη και εξατομικευμένη ιατρική φροντίδα για την αποφυγή περαιτέρω τραυματισμών και την επιτάχυνση της ανάρρωσης. Ο χειρουργός μπορεί να παίξει κρίσιμο ρόλο στη διάγνωση και τη θεραπεία, βοηθώντας τους παίκτες να επιστρέψουν στο παιχνίδι όσο το δυνατόν γρηγορότερα και με ασφάλεια. Είναι σημαντικό για τους ποδοσφαιριστές να λαμβάνουν προφυλάξεις για την αποφυγή τραυματισμών, όπως να φοράνε σωστά παπούτσια, να προθερμαίνονται σωστά και να ακολουθούν ένα ασφαλές πρόγραμμα προπόνησης. Τραυματισμοί και ποδόσφαιρο δεν χρειάζεται να πάνε μαζί.

Ο κ. Παναγόπουλος έχει εκτεταμένη εμπειρία στην χειρουργική & αρθροσκοπική αντιμετώπιση των προβλημάτων που σχετίζονται με τις αθλητικές κακώσεις. Κλείστε ραντεβού τώρα προκειμένου να δώσετε μια εξατομικευμένη λύση στο πρόβλημά σας.

Frequently Asked Questions

Which are the most common football injuries?

Knee injuries are very common, such as meniscal tears, ACL tears, or collateral ligament injuries.

Which are the common issues that a soccer player can have?

– Ankle sprains & fractures
– Achilles tendinopathy
– Adductor strains
– Hamstring strains
– Concussion

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Running injuries

Running is a popular form of exercise and a great way to stay in shape, but it can also lead to injuries if not done properly. As an orthopaedic surgeon, I see a wide range of running injuries in my practice, and I would like to share some information on the most common ones and how to prevent them.

Runner’s Knee

Ένας από τους πιο συνηθισμένους τραυματισμούς είναι το γόνατο του δρομέα ή runner’s knee, γνωστό και ως σύνδρομο επιγονατιδομηριαίου πόνου. Αυτό συμβαίνει όταν η επιγονατίδα τρίβεται στο μηριαίο οστό και προκαλεί πόνο και φλεγμονή. Το γόνατο του δρομέα προκαλείται συνήθως από υπερβολική χρήση, μυϊκή ανισορροπία, ή ακατάλληλη τεχνική. Για να αποτρέψετε το γόνατο του δρομέα, είναι σημαντικό να έχετε σωστή τεχνική όταν τρέχετε, να κάνετε σωστό ζέσταμα και να έχετε κάνει ασκήσεις ενδυνάμωσης για τους μυς των ποδιών και των γοφών.

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Shin Splints

Άλλη μία συνηθισμένη ενόχληση είναι η περιοστίτιδα κνήμης (shin splints), μια κατάσταση που προκαλεί πόνο και φλεγμονή στο μπροστινό ή στο έσω τμήμα της κνήμης, το λεγόμενο «καλάμι». Η πάθηση είναι πιο συχνή στους νέους δρομείς. Η περιοστίτιδα κνήμης προκαλείται συχνά από υπερβολική χρήση ή φθαρμένα παπούτσια. Για να αποτρέψετε την περιοστίτιδα, είναι σημαντικό να αυξήσετε σταδιακά την ένταση και τη διάρκεια της προπόνησής σας, να φοράτε τα κατάλληλα παπούτσια για τον τύπο του ποδιού σας και να κάνετε συχνά ασκήσεις ενδυνάμωσης για τους μύες των ποδιών.

Achilles tendonitis

Η τενοντίτιδα αχιλλείου είναι ένας άλλος κοινός τραυματισμός μεταξύ των δρομέων, που χαρακτηρίζεται από πόνο και φλεγμονή στον αχίλλειο τένοντα, ο οποίος συνδέει το οστό της πτέρνας με τον μυ της γάμπας. Αυτός ο τραυματισμός μπορεί να προκληθεί από υπερβολική χρήση, ακατάλληλη τεχνική ή φθαρμένα παπούτσια. Για την πρόληψη της τενοντίτιδας του αχιλλείου τένοντα, είναι σημαντικό να κάνετε συχνά ασκήσεις ενδυνάμωσης για τους μύες της γάμπας, να φοράτε παπούτσια με σωστή στήριξη και να εφαρμόζετε σωστή τεχνική όταν τρέχετε.

Stress Fractures

Το κάταγμα τύπου stress είναι μια μικρή ρωγμή σε ένα οστό που προκαλείται από επαναλαμβανόμενη καταπόνηση. Αυτός ο τραυματισμός είναι πιο συνηθισμένος στο πόδι και στον αστράγαλο και συχνά προκαλείται από υπερβολική χρήση ή τρέξιμο σε σκληρές επιφάνειες. Για να αποτρέψετε τα κατάγματα λόγω πίεσης, είναι σημαντικό να αυξήσετε σταδιακά την ένταση και τη διάρκεια των τρεξίματών σας, να φοράτε παπούτσια με σωστή στήριξη και να τρέχετε σε επιφάνειες που δεν είναι πολύ σκληρές.

Hamstring injury

Ένας άλλος τραυματισμός που μπορεί να προκύψει με το τρέξιμο είναι οι τραυματισμοί των οπίσθιων μηριαίων (hamstrings). Οι τραυματισμοί αυτοί είναι συνηθισμένοι μεταξύ των δρομέων και συχνά προκαλούνται από υπερβολική χρήση, έλλειψη ευελιξίας ή μυϊκή ανισορροπία. Για την αποφυγή τραυματισμών των οπίσθιων μηριαίων, είναι σημαντικό να κάνετε σωστό ζέσταμα και να κάνετε συχνά ασκήσεις μυϊκής ενδυνάμωσης.

Plantar fasciitis

Plantar fasciitis is a common cause of heel pain in runners. It is an inflammation of the connective tissue in the bottom of the foot. To prevent plantar fasciitis, it is important to wear shoes that fit well and offer good arch support, and to perform exercises that strengthen the muscles in the foot and leg.

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Meniscal tears

Meniscal injuries are a common knee injury among runners, caused by tears in the cartilage that cushions the knee joint. These injuries can be caused by overuse, improper form, or muscle imbalances. To prevent meniscal injuries, it is important to maintain proper form, warm up and cool down properly, and to strengthen the muscles in the legs and hips.

Συνοψίζοντας, το τρέξιμο είναι ένας πολύ καλός τρόπος για να παραμείνετε σε φόρμα, αλλά μπορεί επίσης να οδηγήσει σε προβλήματα εάν δεν γίνει σωστά. Εάν αισθάνεστε πόνο ή ενόχληση ενώ τρέχετε, είναι σημαντικό να επισκεφτείτε έναν ορθοπαιδικό χειρουργό για αξιολόγηση. Οι περισσότεροι τραυματισμοί στο τρέξιμο μπορούν να προληφθούν με μερικές απλές συμβουλές.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the common running injuries?

Most common issues in runners involve chronic overuse problems, such as patellar or achilles tendonitis, or stress fractures.

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Κολύμβηση & τραυματισμοί 1

Swimming injuries 101: What every swimmer should know

Swimming is a great form of exercise that provides a full body workout and can be beneficial for people of all ages. However, like any other sport, swimming can also lead to certain orthopaedic problems if not performed correctly or if an underlying condition is present.

Swimming combines endurance, strength, and control in a non-weight-bearing environment. Highly repetitive upper extremity overhead movements provide most of the propulsive force in all four main strokes: free- style, butterfly, breaststroke and backstroke.1

Swimmer's shoulder

Ένα από τα πιο κοινά ορθοπαιδικά προβλήματα που σχετίζονται με την κολύμβηση είναι ο πόνος στον ώμο. Οι επαναλαμβανόμενες κινήσεις στο πρόσθιο μπορούν να ασκήσουν μεγάλη πίεση στο στροφικό πέταλο και σε άλλους μύες και τένοντες στον ώμο. Αυτό μπορεί να οδηγήσει σε φλεγμονή, ρήξεις και άλλους τραυματισμούς. Δεν προκαλεί έκπληξη το γεγονός ότι ο πόνος στον ώμο που προκαλείται συχνά από το κολύμπι αναφέρεται στη βιβλιογραφία ως «ώμος του κολυμβητή». Ο όρος είναι γενικός και η εμπλεκόμενη παθολογία μπορεί να περιλαμβάνει το σύνδρομο πρόσκρουσης, βλάβη του επιχείλιου χόνδρου, τενοντίτιδα υπερακανθίου, συμπιεστική νευροπάθεια, κλπ.

This is term that generally describes a syndrome with anterior shoulder pain elicited by repetitive impingement of the rotator cuff under the coracoacromial arch.2 To prevent shoulder pain, it is important to use proper technique when swimming and to gradually increase the intensity and duration of your training.

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Swimming & back pain

Another common problem is lower back pain. The constant kicking and twisting motions of the legs can put a lot of stress on the lower back, particularly if the swimmer has poor core strength or poor technique. Lumbar disc degeneration, spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis are among the most common problems encountered.3

Lumbar spine pain also may be related to the ‘‘flip turn,’’ used by freestyle swimmers to change directions when reaching the pool wall. To prevent lower back pain, it is important to engage the core muscles when swimming and to focus on proper technique, including maintaining a neutral spine.

Swimming & knee pain

Ο πόνος στο γόνατο είναι ένα άλλο ορθοπαιδικό πρόβλημα που μπορεί να προκληθεί από το κολύμπι. Οι επαναλαμβανόμενες κινήσεις μπορούν να ασκήσουν μεγάλη πίεση στην άρθρωση του γόνατος, ιδιαίτερα εάν ο κολυμβητής έχει μια προϋπάρχουσα πάθηση στο γόνατο.

Knee pain in competitive athletes is commonly referred to as breaststroker’s knee. This is a syndrome of anterior and medial knee pain. Etiology is unclear, but may be related to MCL sprain, adductor sprain or patellar tendonitis.4 To prevent knee pain, it is important to use proper technique when swimming and to gradually increase the intensity and duration of your training.

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Swimming is also known to cause stress fractures not only in the foot and ankle, but also in other areas. This is particularly common among competitive swimmers who train for long hours each day. Stress fractures are caused by overuse and can lead to pain and inflammation. To prevent stress fractures, it is important to gradually increase the intensity and duration of your training and to rest and recover properly.

In conclusion, swimming is a great form of exercise, but it can also lead to certain orthopaedic problems if not performed correctly or if an underlying condition is present. To prevent these problems, it is important to use proper technique when swimming, to gradually increase the intensity and duration of your training, and to focus on maintaining good overall fitness and strength. If you experience pain or injury, it is important to seek advice from an orthopaedic specialist.

References

1. Sein ML, Walton J, Linklater J, Appleyard R, Kirkbride B, Kuah D, et al.: Shoulder pain in elite swimmers: primarily due to swim-volume-induced supraspinatus tendinopathy. Br J Sports Med 2010;44:105-113.

2. Tate A, Turner GN, Knab SE, Jorgensen C, Strittmatter A, Michener LA: Risk factors associated with shoulder pain and disability across the lifespan of competitive swimmers. J Athl Train 2012;47:149-158.

3. Nyska M, Constantini N, Cale-Benzoor M, Back Z, Kahn G, Mann G: Spondylolysis as a cause of low back pain in swimmers. Int J Sports Med 2000;21:375-379.

4. Nichols AW: Medical Care of the Aquatics Athlete. Curr Sports Med Rep 2015;14:389-396.

Frequently Asked Questions

What's swimmer's shoulder?

This is a syndrome presenting with anterior shoulder pain, caused by repetitive impingement of the cuff tendons under the coracoacromial arch.

Which are the most common swimming injuries?

– Swimmer’s shoulder
– Breaststroker’s knee
– Back pain

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Ποδήλατο & τραυματισμοί

The road to recovery: How to bounce back from cycling injuries

Το ποδήλατο είναι μια δημοφιλής μορφή άσκησης και μεταφοράς, αλλά μπορεί επίσης να οδηγήσει σε διάφορους τραυματισμούς. Είτε ως ορθοπαιδικός χειρουργός ή ως ποδηλάτης, είναι σημαντικό να γνωρίζετε τους πιο συνηθισμένους τραυματισμούς και πώς να τους αντιμετωπίσετε.

Knee pain & cycling

One of the most common cycling injuries is knee pain, often caused by overuse or improper bike fit. This can include patellofemoral pain syndrome, iliotibial band syndrome, and patellar tendinitis. To prevent knee pain, it is important to make sure your bike is properly fitted to your body and to gradually increase the intensity and duration of your cycling. If you do experience knee pain, rest, ice, and physical therapy can help alleviate symptoms. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary.

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Wrist pain & cycling

Another common cycling injury is hand and wrist pain, often caused by vibrations from the handlebars. This can include carpal tunnel syndrome and hand numbness. To prevent hand and wrist pain, it is important to make sure your handlebars are properly adjusted and to take frequent breaks to shake out your hands. If you do experience hand and wrist pain, rest, ice, and physical therapy can help alleviate symptoms. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary.

Back pain & cycling

Low back pain is also a common cycling injury, often caused by a poor riding position or a poorly adjusted bike seat. To prevent low back pain, it is important to make sure your bike seat is at the right height and that your back is properly supported while riding. If you do experience low back pain, rest, ice, and physical therapy can help alleviate symptoms. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary.

Other injuries that can occur from cycling include neck pain, shoulder pain, and saddle sores. To prevent these injuries, it is important to maintain good posture and to take frequent breaks to stretch.

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Ποδήλατο

Cycling & fractures

Η ποδηλασία μπορεί επίσης να οδηγήσει σε μια ποικιλία καταγμάτων. Ένα από τα πιο κοινά κατάγματα είναι το κάταγμα κλείδας. Αυτός ο τύπος κατάγματος συμβαίνει όταν ο αναβάτης πέφτει και προσγειώνεται στον ώμο του, με αποτέλεσμα να σπάσει η κλείδα. Τα κατάγματα της κλείδας είναι κοινά τόσο στους επαγγελματίες όσο και στους ερασιτέχνες ποδηλάτες. Η θεραπεία για ένα κάταγμα συνήθως περιλαμβάνει ακινητοποίηση σε ανάρτηση, ακολουθούμενη από φυσικοθεραπεία για την ανάκτηση του εύρους κίνησης και δύναμης. Η χειρουργική επέμβαση μπορεί να είναι απαραίτητη σε κατάγματα με σημαντική παρεκτόπιση, βράχυνση ή συντριβή.

Ένα άλλο σύνηθες κάταγμα είναι το κάταγμα καρπού/πηχεοκαρπικής άρθρωσης, το οποίο συμβαίνει όταν ο αναβάτης πέφτει και προσγειώνεται στο τεντωμένο χέρι. Η θεραπεία για ένα κάταγμα καρπού συνήθως περιλαμβάνει ακινητοποίηση σε γύψο ή νάρθηκα, ακολουθούμενη από φυσικοθεραπεία για την ανάκτηση του εύρους κίνησης και δύναμης. Η χειρουργική επέμβαση μπορεί να είναι απαραίτητη σε παρεκτοπισμένα κατάγμα με σημαντική συντριβή ή ενδαρθρική συμμετοχή.

Hip fractures are also a common injury in cycling, especially among older adults. This type of fracture occurs when a rider falls and lands on their hip, resulting in a break in the hip bone. Treatment for a hip fracture typically involves immobilization, such as traction or a cast, followed by physical therapy to regain range of motion and strength. Surgery is often necessary to fix the fracture and to prevent complications.

Άλλα κοινά κατάγματα περιλαμβάνουν κατάγματα ποδοκνημικής, κατάγματα γόνατος, κατάγματα πλευρών, εξαρθρήματα της ακρωμιοκλειδικής άρθρωσης. Αυτοί οι τραυματισμοί συμβαίνουν όταν ένας αναβάτης πέφτει και προσγειώνεται σε ένα συγκεκριμένο σημείο του σώματος. Η χειρουργική επέμβαση μπορεί να είναι απαραίτητη σε σοβαρές περιπτώσεις.

Συμπερασματικά, το ποδήλατο είναι μια εξαιρετική μορφή άσκησης και μεταφοράς, αλλά μπορεί επίσης να οδηγήσει σε τραυματισμούς. Είναι σημαντικό να γνωρίζετε τους πιο κοινούς τραυματισμούς και πώς να τους αντιμετωπίζετε. Λαμβάνοντας προληπτικά μέτρα, όπως η χρήση προστατευτικού εξοπλισμού, η οδήγηση σε ασφαλείς συνθήκες, η σωστή προσαρμογή του ποδηλάτου στο σώμα και η σταδιακή αύξηση της έντασης και της διάρκειας της προπόνησης, η ποδηλασία μπορεί να παραμείνει μια ασφαλής και ευχάριστη δραστηριότητα για όλους. Ποδήλατο και τραυματισμοί δεν χρειάζεται να πάνε μαζί.

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Το χέρι του μουσικού κιθάρα

Musician’s Hand

Musicians rely heavily on the use of their hands to create beautiful music, but the repetitive motions and prolonged practice sessions can lead to a variety of hand conditions and injuries.

Common hand problems among musicians include tendinitis, carpal tunnel syndrome, and nerve compression. These conditions can have a significant impact on a musician's ability to perform and can cause pain and discomfort that can last for a long time. In this essay, we will discuss the most common hand conditions among musicians, the symptoms and causes, and the treatments and preventative measures that can be taken to avoid these conditions.

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Tenosynovitis

Tendinitis is an inflammation of the tendons that can occur in the hand and wrist, and is often seen in musicians who play string instruments or pianos. Tendinitis can affect the tendons in the hand and wrist that are used to move the fingers and thumb, and can cause pain and stiffness in the hand and wrist.

Musicians who play string instruments such as the violin, cello, or guitar may develop tendinitis in their left hand, while pianists may develop tendinitis in their right hand. The repetitive motions and prolonged practice sessions required to master these instruments can put a lot of stress on the tendons in the hand, leading to inflammation and pain.

Symptoms of tendinitis include pain and stiffness in the hand and wrist, particularly when gripping or holding objects. The pain may be felt in the fingers or thumb, and can also extend into the forearm. Musicians may also experience difficulty moving their fingers or thumb, and may notice a loss of strength in their hand.

In severe cases, tendinitis can cause a loss of function in the hand and wrist, making it difficult to play an instrument. Treatment for tendinitis includes rest, ice, and physical therapy. Musicians should take regular breaks during practice sessions and avoid repetitive motions that cause pain. Applying ice to the affected area can help reduce inflammation and pain.

Physical therapy can also be helpful in strengthening the muscles and tendons in the hand and wrist and improving range of motion. In some cases, a splint or brace may be recommended to immobilize the affected area and allow it to heal. Medications such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may also be prescribed to help reduce pain and inflammation.

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is a condition caused by compression of the median nerve as it passes through the wrist. Musicians who play piano or guitar, or use their hands for repetitive motions, may be at a higher risk for developing CTS. The median nerve is responsible for providing feeling to the thumb, index finger, middle finger, and half of the ring finger. When the median nerve is compressed, it can cause numbness, tingling, and weakness in the hand and fingers.

Symptoms of CTS include numbness and tingling in the thumb, index finger, middle finger, and half of the ring finger. Musicians may also experience weakness in the hand and fingers, and may have difficulty gripping or holding objects. The symptoms of CTS are often worse at night and can make it difficult to sleep.

Treatment options for CTS include splinting, physical therapy, and in severe cases, surgery. A splint or brace can be worn at night to keep the wrist in a neutral position, which can help reduce pressure on the median nerve. Physical therapy can also be helpful in strengthening the muscles and tendons in the hand and wrist, which can help reduce pressure on the median nerve. In some cases, surgery may be recommended to release the compressed median nerve.

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Instrument-specific issues

Musculoskeletal problems may be instrument-specific in musicians. Upper string players, such as violinists and violists, support their instrument between their left shoulder and neck, putting stress in their jaw, cervical spine, and shoulder. Problems may be generated in their left hand by the way they hold the bow (German, French-Belgian or Russian position).

The right thumb supports most of the load in clarinets and oboes, whereas the left hand takes most of the strain in flute players. Other instrument-specific considerations include the need of guitarists to play frequent barrè chords and the maximum spreading capacity of a pianist (to the 9th in women – to the 10th in men, typically).

Prevention

In order to prevent hand problems among musicians, it is important to take regular breaks during practice sessions, use proper technique, and stretch before and after playing. In addition, musicians should also consider using ergonomic instruments and equipment to reduce the stress on their hands and wrists. 

If you are experiencing hand pain or symptoms of a hand condition, it is important to seek treatment from an orthopedic specialist who can help diagnose and treat your condition. With the right treatment and preventative measures, musicians can continue to play and create beautiful music without interruption from hand problems.

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Ski & snowboard injuries

Skiing & Snowboarding Injuries

Skiing and snowboarding have become the most popular winter sports. They are fun and a great activity for the whole family. Skiing has been around for a long time, being first introduced as a sport in the Winter Olympics in the 1930’s. By comparison, snowboarding is a young sport, that became officially an Olympic sport in 1998.1 Και τα δύο αθλήματα θέλουν προσοχή, καθώς μπορούν να οδηγήσουν σε τραυματισμούς και να μας χαλάσουν τις χειμερινές διακοπές. Αν και οι περισσότερες κακώσεις στα αθλήματα αυτά είναι ήπιες και αντιμετωπίζονται με ξεκούραση, περίδεση και αντιφλεγμονώδη, χρειάζεται εξαιρετική προσοχή, καθώς ορισμένοι τραυματισμοί χρήζουν χειρουργικής αντιμετώπισης και πολύμηνης αποκατάστασης. 

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Ski & snowboard injuries

Epidemiology – Statistics

No anatomic location is exempt from the risk of potential injury. However, it seems that the patterns of injury are a bit different between sports. Snowboarders are more likely to injure their wrist, whereas skiers are more likely to get an ACL injury.2

Snowboarders seem much more likely to sustain an acute injury overall, as compared to skiers.3 This is probably because of the more frequent falls sustained because of the inherent nature of the sport. Another reason is that ski equipment has been modified to prevent injuries.

Skis are programmed to come off at more appropriate times during a crash, whereas snowboards don’t come off. However, when it comes to a real serious injury, skiers are still at higher risk (US National Ski Areas Association). Skiing is all about racing, whereas snowboarding is all about tricks and manoeuvres.

As a result, a skier is more likely to experience a high-speed collision leading to a high-energy injury. On the contrary, a snowboarder sustains frequent falls at lower speed, that may lead to minor injuries.  

Knee injuries

Knee injuries are more common in skiers rather than in snowboarders, in major part due to differences in fall mechanism, general stance and equipment used.4 Skiers undergo much higher torsional forces, placing the knee at risk of ligamentous injury.2

ACL rupture typically occurs as a result of valgus load and internal rotation, after the inner side of the ski catches in the snow while going downhill and the boot fails to come off (slip catching).5 MCL tears and meniscal tears can also occur. Most ACL tears will require surgery (ACL reconstruction) in active individuals or athletes.

Although less commonly, experienced snowboarders that perform risky tricks and jumps can also get a serious knee injury. Fractures, such as tibial plateau, tibial plafond, or tibial shaft fractures (“boot-top fractures”) may also occur with both sports. Most of these typically require urgent surgical fixation. 

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Foot & ankle injuries

Τα διαστρέμματα και κατάγματα της ποδοκνημικής άρθρωσης είναι πιο συχνά στο snowboard και πιο σπάνια στο σκι, όπου η βελτίωση του σχεδιασμού του εξοπλισμού μείωσε αυτές τις κακώσεις σημαντικά.6 Οι snowboarders είναι επίσης ιδιαίτερα επιρρεπείς στο κάταγμα της έξω απόφυσης του αστραγάλου, ή “snowboarder’s fracture”.7 Δεδομένου ότι το κάταγμα αυτό μπορεί εύκολα να διαλάθει στις απλές ακτινογραφίας, επί υποψίας συνιστάται αξονική τομογραφία. Πολύ συχνά είναι και τα κατάγματα των μεταταρσίων, ιδιαίτερα μετά από προσγείωση από άλμα.7  

Hand & wrist injuries

Wrist fractures are the most common fractures seen in snowboarders, even though they are commonly seen in skiers, too.8 They typically result from a fall on the outstretched hand. Many of these can be treated conservatively in a cast, but angulated, widely displaced fractures may need surgery.

Ο τραυματισμός του ωλενίου πλαγίου συνδέσμου του αντίχειρα λέγεται και αντίχειρας του skier. Ο τραυματισμός προκαλείται από την βίαιη απαγωγή του αντίχειρα μετά από πτώση με το μπατόν στο χέρι. Η θεραπεία εξαρτάται από το βαθμό της κάκωσης, με την χειρουργική αντιμετώπιση να ενδείκνυται σε ασταθείς βλάβες.4 

Shoulder injuries

Fractures are common in snow sports after a fall on the shoulder. Clavicle fractures may occur in both skiers and snowboarders. The frequently involve the midshaft of the clavicle and can be treated nonoperatively if stable and not widely displaced. Shortened and displaced fractures with skin tenting usually require surgery.

Proximal humerus fractures and AC joint injuries are also common. Shoulder dislocations may also occur in skiing and snowboarding. Dislocations should be reduced as soon as possible. Subsequent management will depend on factors such as age, history of recurrent dislocations, concomitant injuries.9

Head injuries

Οι κρανιοεγκεφαλικές κακώσεις μπορεί να συμβούν μετά από πρόσκρουση με μεγάλη ταχύτητα σε κάποιο εμπόδιο (δέντρο, πέτρα, ski lift), ή σε κάποιον που προσγειώνεται άτσαλα μετά από ένα άλμα. Το εύρος των κακώσεων ποικίλει από μια διάσειση σε μια σοβαρή κρανιοεγκεφαλική βλάβη. Οι βλάβες αυτές αποτελούν την κύρια αιτία θανάτου στα χειμερινά sport. Είναι εξαιρετικά σημαντικό να αναγνωρίζονται έγκαιρα οι δυνητικά σοβαρές κρανιοεγκεφαλικές βλάβες που χρήζουν άμεσης διακομιδής σε τριτοβάθμια νοσοκομεία.  

Ski & Snowboard injuries overview

Prevention

Lessons from expert instructors are extremely important before attempting to hit the slopes. The teacher will teach the beginner not only the correct technique, but also the correct use of the equipment. Malfunctioning or incorrectly fitted equipment, such as too loose or too tight bindings, or equipment that is not the correct size, or that is still unsuitable for the conditions or type of snow, can lead to serious and easily avoidable injuries.

Εξαιρετικά σημαντική είναι και η χρήση προστατευτικού εξοπλισμού, όπως κράνη, περικάρπια ή κηδεμόνες γόνατος. Οι περισσότεροι τραυματισμοί μπορούν να αποφευχθούν εφαρμόζοντας την κοινή λογική. Ο χιονοδρόμος θα πρέπει να είναι καλά ενυδατωμένος, να αποφεύγει τη χιονοδρομία σε συνθήκες σωματικής κόπωσης, και να λαμβάνει πάντα υπόψιν τις καιρικές συνθήκες και την κατάσταση του χιονιού της πίστας (πάγος, σκόνη, απάτητα σημεία, σημεία εκτός πίστας). Τέλος, τα παιδιά χρήζουν ενήλικης επιτήρησης.

Δεν θα πρέπει, τέλος, να ξεχνάμε ότι όσο πιο γυμνασμένοι και προετοιμασμένοι είμαστε, τόσο θα μειώσουμε την πιθανότητα να σημειώσουμε τραυματισμούς. Ειδικά σημαντικές για τα χειμερινά αθλήματα είναι ορισμένες μυϊκές ομάδες, τις οποίες καλό είναι να εξασκήσουμε πριν τις χειμερινές διακοπές. Εξαιρετικά σημαντικοί είναι οι τετρακέφαλοι (quadriceps), οι οπίσθιοι μηριαίοι (hamstrings) και οι γλουτιαίοι (gluteal muscles). Εξίσου απαραίτητη είναι η δύναμη του κορμού μας (core strength).

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the most common skiing injuries?

– ACL/PCL tears
– Meniscal tears

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